The Chestnut Growers' Manual

The Chestnut Growers' Manual was originally created in 2006 by Sara Fitzsimmons (TACF’s Northern Appalachian Regional Science Coordinator) for use by the Pennsylvania chapter. She is currently working on revisions. However, because of regional differences in growing chestnuts, there was a suggestion that it also be used as the starting point for a New England specific manual. This idea was widely accepted, and there was significant discussion, with both general and specific suggestions for changes and additions. These included (but were not limited to):

• some sections need additional explanation for beginners
• better information and explanations regarding storage conditions for nuts (e.g., temperature, humidity, reatments, containers)
• how to approach the range of soil and climate conditions across New England, possibly customizing or layering by USDA hardiness zone.
• add a section on seed orchards
• for both breeding and seed orchards, add information about overall orchard life cycle
• add a section “What to do with Restoration Chestnuts.”
• planting mix, including acceptable commercial mixes, as well as source and amount of added soil and other amendments
• maintenance, especially deer control, including fencing and various repellents
• planting details, including seed shelters
• weed control – herbicides in general, Roundup^®, what concentration to use
• fertilizing, soil testing, fall fertilizing, use of slow release products
• a strong reminder to read the label on any commercial product every year, since the information is subject to change
• mapping orchards and labeling trees

If you have specific questions or suggestions, contact Kendra (kendra at acf dot org).

TACF’s TreesDB project

Kendra presented a brief, general overview of the project. (Bill Adamsen and Jack Ostroff are the main participants from the Connecticut Chapter.)

Yvonne Federowicz of the MA/RI Chapter made a presentation concerning levels of access to the data, once the system is in production use. There was a lively discussion on this topic, touching on the different types of data to be included in the system, the general desire for openness of our scientific data, as well as privacy issues both of personal information and data such as tree or orchard location. (The issue of establishing a process for control and monitoring of access to the data has been discussed extensively by the project team, and the issue has been forwarded to the TACF Board of Directors for discussion at their meeting in April.)

There was also a discussion of whether the system could be used for tracking and estimating the cost of orchard management, and whether it might help determining the effect of use of various tools and techniques, such as BLUE-X^® tubes.

Chapter strategic and tactical planning

There was a wide ranging discussion about terminology and types of planning, and the need for a wide range of plans – from short-term tactical or operational plans for planting the next orchard and the next round of blight resistance testing to long range strategic plans for the eventual reforestation and return of the Chestnut to a situation closer to its previous position in the forest ecosystem.

Chapter Bylaws

The president of the VT/NH chapter started a discussion regarding term length and term limits for chapter officers and board members. There was no absolute consensus, but there was general agreement that there was no single, optimal way to balance all the desired goals, which included obtaining fresh input and ideas as well as avoiding stagnation and complacency.

TACF’s Restoration Plan and Restoration Branches

Bryan Burhans discussed current TACF planning activities. The Board is in process of producing an American Chestnut Restoration Plan, which begins “Our overarching goal is to position American chestnut to reoccupy its native range.” The current draft is undergoing significant review and revision, and will be discussed at the TACF Board meeting in April. A final version is expected later this year.

Similar to the earlier chapter planning discussion, it was recognized that there are clearly issues of terminology. One major difficulty with drafting the plan is that the very concept of chestnut restoration is logistically overwhelming. However, it was agreed that the plan was (properly) being driven by organizational needs rather than a specific label, and it needs to address potential conflicts in operational issues. There were several comments that the plan needs more chapter input; Bryan will discuss this with the group responsible for drafting the plan.

Bryan also discussed the relatively recent concept of Restoration Branches. There is a document on Restoration Branches, but it is still undergoing frequent revision before being more widely disseminated. In response to questions and concerns, Bryan made it clear that Restoration Branches are intended to be a tool for the chapters and will not operate independently, and that they are optional and it is completely up to each chapter whether or not to use them. However, he also made it clear that he enthusiastically supports the concept, and that the Pennsylvania chapter considers their one active Branch to be successful.

American chestnut range map

A number of people have noted that there are known trees and stands of American chestnut, located clearly outside of the standard map of the historic range of the species, but that should be included in the native chestnut range. This has potential impact on the ability to get recognition or funding for restoration activities. The question was raised whether it would be possible to get the range map revised to account for any of these known omissions. There was also some discussion of how to address this issue in things such as grant applications.

Possibility: regional seed orchards

Over the next few years, the TACF breeding program will require the establishment of seed orchards, which have some notable differences from the current breeding orchards. Recognizing that seed orchards require significant resources, and that not all chapters are at the same stage in the backcross breeding process, it was suggested that regional seed orchards (joint efforts by more than one chapter) might be a useful approach. There was general agreement, but also a recognition that there would probably be significant organizational issues to address before this was possible.